The Chakra Transfer Technique is the ability to share one's own chakra with another person or creature. It was originally created by Hagoromo Otsutsuki to connect people's spiritual energies and maintain peace through the teaching of ninshu, but later humanity turned this technique into one of the tools of war. The amount of chakra transferred depends only on the user's desire.
There are many ways to use it. Minato Namikaze and Naruto Uzumaki were able to adjust the transferred chakra to the type of the recipient's chakra, and Naruto, thanks to Kurama's chakra, could envelop allies in a protective cloak similar to his Version 1 form, but without tails. The user is able to control already transferred chakra at a distance. Tsunade and Sakura transferred healing chakra through Katsuyu to heal many wounded at once. Tsunade also gave her chakra to Onoki so that he could use the large-scale Particle Style: Detachment of the Primitive World. Sakura reinforced Obito's Kamui with her chakra.
The tailed beasts share chakra with those they choose, and for them this process is easier than for humans. Samehada absorbs and transfers chakra to its owner, and can also return chakra from Kisame to Killer B. Juugo, thanks to the trait of his clan, transfers natural energy. Dan Kato's spirit transferred chakra to Tsunade while in her consciousness. Obito, after his body turned to ash, managed to transfer his chakra and the power of his dojutsu to Kakashi.